Relationship between infrared thermography and muscle damage markers in physically active men after plyometric exercise.

Plyometric training has been used in several sports and fitness programs to improve jumping ability and explosive strength, both in individual and team sports. Eccentric muscle actions, such as those performed during plyometric jumps, induce muscle damage and consequently a rise in skin temperature (Tsk). Thus, the purpose of this study is to assess the response of infrared thermography measurement as an indirect marker of muscle damage after a protocol of plyometric jumps in physically active subjects. Therefore, for the aim of this study ten male subjects with no previous experience in plyometric training participated in the research (age 22.5 ± 3.3 years, weight 71.7 ± 11.0 kg, height 171.1 ± 5.3 cm, and fat mass 15.5 ± 4.7%). To assess the muscle damage, countermovement jump (CMJ), creatine kinase (CK), delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and infrared thermography (IRT) were measured at 24, 48, and 72 h after plyometric exercise. The acute exercise protocol of plyometric jumps induced muscle damage, as shown by the CK and DOMS (24 and 48 h, p < 0.05) but no statistical difference was shown between the moments analyzed in Tsk (warm zone). Nevertheless, when comparing baseline to 48h, a moderate effect was found in the Tsk (warm zone) for anterior right thigh (ES = 1.1) and posterior left thigh (ES = 0.9) and large effect was found for anterior left thigh (ES = 1.4) and posterior right thigh (ES = 1.3). A moderate effect in the Tsk (warm zone) was found for posterior right and left thigh (ES = 0.9 and ES = 1.1, respectively) when comparing baseline to 72h of IRT. These results suggest that a plyometric jumping session alters CK and DOMS, as well as the thigh's skin temperature in an evident way, bringing up a possible relation with markers of muscle damage.

Carvacrol reduces blood pressure, arterial responsiveness and increases expression of MAS receptors in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

AIM: To analyze the effect of the use of carvacrol in the cardiovascular system of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). METHODS: Methods: Twenty animals were allocated in four groups, one group control Wistar receiving only sorbitol, used as vehicle of administration of the carvacrol (Wistar-Vehicle), one control group SHR, also receive only sorbitol (SHR-Vehicle), a third, treated with losartan (SHR-Losartan/50 mg/kg), and the fourth, treated with carvacrol (SHR - Carvacrol/20 mg/kg). Sorbitol, losartan and carvacrol were administered by oral gavage daily for 30-day. Hemodynamic variables, vascular reactivity, biochemical parameters, and expression of Mas and AT1 receptors in kidney tissues were analyzed. RESULTS: SHR- Carvacrol group showed a maximal effect of inhibition of 56% in the curve of norepinephrine. The Emax of the curves with Ca2+ were smaller in the groups SHR-losartan (40.17%) and SHR-carvacrol (35.71%) when compared to the SHR-Vehicle. The carvacrol increased the expression of the MAS receptors in kidney tissue. CONCLUSION: Thirty days of treatment with carvacrol showed an antihypertensive effect associated with less peripheral vascular resistance. Also, treatment with carvacrol increased the expression of MAS receptors in kidney tissue.

Cardiac autonomic modulation response and functional capacity in older women / Respuesta de la modulación autonómica cardíaca y capacidad funcional en mujeres mayores / Resposta da modulação autonômica cardíaca e capacidade funcional em mulheres idosas

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze cardiac autonomic modulation response and functional capacity in physically active older women. Methods: Seventy-five older women (60-70 years) from the community were divided into the following groups: sedentary (n=19), hydro-gymnastics (n=18), pilates (n=19), and dance (n=19). Blood pressure, body composition, heart rate variability, and functional capacity were assessed for the characterization of the groups at rest and 48 hours after the last physical exercise session. Results: The sedentary group presented higher waist-to-hip ratio, diastolic blood pressure, and resting heart rate compared to the other groups (p<0.05). It was also observed that the dance group presented better functional capacity and VO2peak scores (all p<0.05). Regarding cardiac autonomic modulation, both dance and pilates groups demonstrated better RMSSD (26.71 ± 9.07 and 29.82 ± 7.16, respectively; p<0.05), LF (45.79 ± 14.81 and 45.95 ± 15.16 n.u., respectively; p<0.05), and LF/HF (0.92 ± 0.56 and 0.58 ± 0.26, respectively; p<0.05) scores. In the symbolic analysis, the dance group had a greater predominance of parasympathetic autonomic modulation than the other groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results conclude that physically active elderly women, practicing hydro-gymnastics, pilates or dance, presented physiological benefits, such as better functional capacity and improvements in hemodynamic variables and autonomic cardiac modulation. In addition, the group that practiced dance presented greater parasympathetic modulation, as well as greater functional capacity, when compared to the other modalities. Level of evidence: I; STARD: studies of diagnostic accuracy.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la respuesta de la modulación autonómica cardíaca y la capacidad funcional en mujeres mayores físicamente activas. Métodos: Setenta y cinco mujeres mayores (60 a 70 años) de la comunidad fueron divididas en los siguientes grupos: sedentaria (n = 19), hidrogimnasia (n = 18), pilates (n = 19) y danza (n = 19). La presión arterial, la composición corporal, la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca y la capacidad funcional fueron evaluadas para la caracterización de los grupos en reposo y 48 horas después de la última sesión de ejercicio físico. Resultados: El grupo sedentario presentó mayor relación cintura-cadera, presión arterial diastólica y frecuencia cardíaca en reposo cuando comparado a los otros grupos (p <0,05). Se observó que el grupo de danza presentó mejores puntajes de capacidad funcional y VO2Pico (todos p <0,05). Con relación a la modulación autonómica cardíaca, los grupos de danza y pilates demostraron mejores puntajes para RMSSD (26,71 ± 9,07 y 29,82 ± 7,16, respectivamente; p <0,05), LF (45,79 ± 14,81 y 45,95 ± 15,16 nu, respectivamente; p <0,05), y LF/HF (0,92 ± 0,56 y 0,58 ± 0,26, respectivamente; p <0,05). En el análisis simbólico, el grupo de danza presentó mayor predominancia de la modulación autonómica parasimpática que los demás grupos (p <0,05). Conclusión: Esos resultados concluyen que las mujeres mayores físicamente activas, practicantes de hidrogimnasia, pilates o danza, tienen beneficios fisiológicos, como mejor capacidad funcional y mejora de las variables hemodinámicas y de la modulación cardíaca autonómica. Además, el grupo que practicaba danza tuvo mayor modulación parasimpática y mayor capacidad funcional cuando comparado con las otras modalidades. Nivel de evidencia: I; STARD: estudios de precisión diagnóstica.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a resposta da modulação autonômica cardíaca e a capacidade funcional em idosas fisicamente ativas. Métodos: Setenta e cinco mulheres idosas (60 a 70 anos) da comunidade foram divididas nos seguintes grupos: sedentária (n = 19), hidroginástica (n = 18), pilates (n = 19) e dança (n = 19). A pressão arterial, a composição corporal, a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca e a capacidade funcional foram avaliadas para a caracterização dos grupos em repouso e 48 horas depois da última sessão de exercício físico. Resultados: O grupo sedentário apresentou maior relação cintura-quadril, pressão arterial diastólica e frequência cardíaca em repouso quando comparado aos outros grupos (p <0,05). Observou-se também que o grupo da dança apresentou melhores escores de capacidade funcional e VO2pico (todos p < 0,05). Com relação à modulação autonômica cardíaca, os grupos de dança e pilates demonstraram melhores escores para RMSSD (26,71 ± 9,07 e 29,82 ± 7,16, respectivamente; p < 0,05), LF (45,79 ± 14,81 e 45,95 ± 15,16 nu, respectivamente; p<0,05) e LF/HF (0,92 ± 0,56 e 0,58 ± 0,26, respectivamente; p < 0,05). Na análise simbólica, o grupo da dança apresentou maior predominância da modulação autonômica parassimpática do que os demais grupos (p < 0,05). Conclusão: Esses resultados concluem que idosas fisicamente ativas praticantes de hidroginástica, pilates ou dança, têm benefícios fisiológicos, como melhor capacidade funcional e melhora das variáveis hemodinâmicas e da modulação cardíaca autonômica. Além disso, o grupo que praticava dança teve maior modulação parassimpática e maior capacidade funcional quando comparado com outras modalidades. Nível de evidência: I; STARD: estudos de precisão diagnóstica.

Effect of treatment with carvacrol and aerobic training on cardiovascular function in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

NEW FINDINGS: What is the central question of this study? Can two non-drug therapies, carvacrol and aerobic physical training, together have additive effects on the reduction of cardiovascular risks and control of arterial hypertension? What is the main finding and its importance? The oral use of carvacrol (20 mg/kg/day) can control sustained hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats, and when this use is associated with aerobic physical training, there is a more pronounced effect on the reduction of blood pressure values, making these therapies an adjunct option in the drug treatment of hypertension. ABSTRACT: Systemic arterial hypertension is considered the foremost cardiovascular risk factor, and it is important to examine different therapies that help prevent and treat it, especially when associated with other cardiovascular risk factors. In this context, it is known that both carvacrol and aerobic physical training benefit the cardiovascular system. This study investigated the effects of treatment with carvacrol combined with aerobic exercise on hypertensive rats with cardiovascular risk parameters. We used an experimental design with six groups: normotensive control (Wistar rats); hypertensive control (spontaneously hypertensive rats, SHR); positive control rats treated with amlodipine (Aml-20 mg); rats treated with carvacrol (Carv-20 mg); rats trained with exercise (Exer); and rats treated with carvacrol and exercise (ExerCarv). The treatment lasted for 4 weeks, monitoring heart rate and systolic blood pressure (SBP). At the end of the treatment, vascular reactivity tests were performed in addition to biochemical measurements of urea, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol, atherogenic indexes, relative heart weight and histopathological analysis of cardiac perivascular tissue. Significant reductions in SBP were observed after the training period, with the ExerCarv group showing a greater magnitude of reduction (∆SBP = 88 ± 10.0 mmHg, 42%). This group also experienced reductions in atherogenic indices and improvement in all analysed lipid parameters, with no differences observed in the Exer group. The findings indicated that the interaction between aerobic exercise and carvacrol offers a greater BP reduction. Exercise is particularly effective for controlling biochemical parameters of cardiovascular risk, regardless of carvacrol use.

Effects of soccer training during preseason on physical and physiological variables in youth soccer players

Abstract Aim: This study aimed to explore the effects of a training program during the pre-season on aerobic and anaerobic performance, hemodynamics, autonomic variables, and sleep quality in youth soccer players. Methods: Nineteen athletes, with an average age of 17 ± 1 years, participated in the study. The multicomponent training protocol was divided into technical, tactical, and physical practice for four weeks. The cardiac autonomic modulation was obtained through an electrocardiogram and blood pressure values were measured by a sphygmomanometer. The athletes answered the Pittsburgh questionnaire that assessed sleep patterns and issues. The VO2max was analyzed using the Intermittent Recovery Test Yo-Yo level 1. The RAST test was used to assess anaerobic power. Results: There was improvement in Heart Rate Variability (HRV) indicated by the increase in indexes, mean square root of the differences between normal cycles (RMSSD), low frequency increase (LF) (p = 0.04; d = 0.70), high frequency decrease (HF) (p = 0.01; d = 1.02) and the LF / HF sympathovagal index (p = 0.03; d = 0.70), variables related to faster recovery. An improvement in the components of sleep duration (p = 0.03) and quality (p = 0.02) of baseline and post-intervention sleep was also observed. Conclusion: The four-week multicomponent protocol contributed to improving VO2max, improving fatigue rates, quality of sleep, and maximum power. Additionally, we observe that youth soccer athletes had physiological and hemodynamic adaptations that resulted in an improvement in cardiac autonomic modulation and sleep patterns after four weeks of training.

P16INK4a expression in patients with penile cancer.

BACKGROUND: Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is reported to be present in 30-50% of penile cancer cases. The immunohistochemical test for p16INK4a is used as an indicator of the presence of HPV and as a prognostic marker for squamous cell carcinomas in various sites. However, the role of this marker in penile carcinoma has not yet been completely elucidated. The aim of this study was to analyze whether the expression of p16INK4a is associated with the presence of HPV, histological parameters, and survival in penile cancer. METHODS: A study was conducted from 2014 to 2016 that included 55 patients with penile carcinoma. HPV DNA was detected through PCR using fresh tumor tissue, and immunohistochemistry was performed for analysis of p16INK4a protein using paraffin-embedded tissue. Evaluation of histological parameters was performed following complete embedding of the tumor tissue in paraffin. RESULTS: HPV DNA (low-risk and high-risk genotypes) was found in 49 (89.1%) cases, and 46/49 (93.9%) showed high-oncogenic risk HPV (HR-HPV). Of the 22 cases positive for p16INK4a, HR-HPV DNA was present in 21 (95.5%) (p = 0.032). Regarding histological parameters, p16INK4a and HR-HPV were significantly associated only with tumor subtype (p = 0.036 and p = 0.032, respectively); all carcinomas with basaloid characteristics were positive for p16INK4a. Although HPV+ patients had a higher disease-free survival (p <0.001), p16INK4a expression was not associated with patient survival. CONCLUSIONS: Our study, using fresh tissue samples, showed the highest incidence of HPV compared to that observed in the literature. Expression of the p16INK4a protein was significantly associated with the presence of HR-HPV and this expression may serve as a marker for the presence of the virus. The p16INK4a protein was not associated with the histological prognostic parameters, with the exception of tumor subtype, nor with patient survival. In the results, we showed that the objective of the present study was reached.

Cardiovascular Response of an Acute Exergame Session in Prepubertal Obese Children.

PURPOSE: We aimed to analyze the acute autonomic response of obese and eutrophic prepubertal boys to an exergame (EXG) session. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Nine eutrophic (8.89 ± 2.71 years of age and 16.42% ± 6.30% body fat) and nine obese boys (8.70 ± 1.16 years of age and 40.76% ± 4.2% body fat) participated. Nutritional state was determined using World Health Organization guidelines. Variables were collected at rest, immediately post (IP), and 60 minutes after a 20 minutes EXG session. Autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity was assessed using heart rate variability in time and frequency domains, and data were analyzed using Shapiro-Wilk and ANOVA tests with Tukey post hoc. RESULTS: The obese group demonstrated an increased sympathetic activity at rest when compared with the eutrophic group (P < 0.05). The obese group also demonstrated an increased parasympathetic activity 60 minutes after the EXG session when compared with the eutrophic group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: We concluded that an acute session of EXG promoted ANS super compensation. We encourage research on chronic ANS response to EXG.

Influências do exercício físico na qualidade de vida em dois grupos de pacientes com câncer de mama / Influences of physical exercise on quality of life in two groups of patientes with breast cancer / Influencia del ejercicio físico en la calidad de vida de dos grupos de pacientes con cáncer de mama

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a relação existente entre exercício físico e seus efeitos na qualidade de vida de pacientes com câncer de mama, pós-cirurgia (seis meses) submetidas a exercícios físicos e não submetidas. Participaram do estudo 24 mulheres sedentárias divididas aleatoriamente em dois grupos: grupo experimental (N=12), submetido a exercícios (GE=52,41±9,11 anos) e Grupo Controle (N=12), não submetido (GC=49,58±4,94 anos). Para tratamento estatístico foi usado o programa BioEstat 5.0, após a verificação da normalidade por meio do teste de Shapiro-Wilk, com resultado de distribuição normal, usou-se teste t para amostras dependentes e foram analisados isoladamente o grupo controle e o grupo experimental pós-treino e o teste t para amostras independentes relacionando grupo controle e experimental pós-treino, ambos considerando o p < 0,05. Os resultados do presente estudo mostraram que para o GE comparado ao GC houve melhorias nos domínios vitalidade (p = 0,01), aspectos sociais (p = 0,02) e limitações por aspectos emocionais (p = 0,03). Conclui-se que a prática de exercício físico pós-cirurgia de câncer de mama contribui para melhoria dos aspectos psicológicos, sociais e físicos, porém é importante considerar quais práticas podem ser desenvolvidas e em qual momento do tratamento podem ser inseridas.

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between physical exercise and its effects on quality of life in patients with breast cancer, post-surgery (6 months) underwent exercise and not submitted. The study included 24 women, sedentary randomly divided into two groups: experimental group underwent exercise (GE=52,41±9,1 years) and control group not subjected (GC=49,58±4,94 years). For statistical analysis program was used BioEstat 5.0, after testing for normality by the Shapiro Wilk test was used t test for dependent samples being analyzed separately the control group and the experimental group and post workout t test for independent samples relating control and experimental group post workout, considering both p <0.05. The results of this study showed that for the EG compared to the CG, there were improvements in the areas: Vitality (p = 0.01), Social Functioning (p = 0.02) and limitations-emotional (p = 0.03). We conclude that physical exercise during cancer treatment helps in improvement of psychological, social and physical, but it is important to consider what practices can be developed and at what time of treatment there can be inserted.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la relación entre el ejercicio físico y sus efectos en la calidad de vida de pacientes con cáncer de mama después de la cirugía (6 meses) que practicaron ejercicio físico y en la de aquellas que no lo practicaron. El estudio incluyó a 24 mujeres sedentarias, divididas aleatoriamente en dos grupos: el grupo experimental (n = 12) practicó ejercicio (GE = 52,41 ± 9,1 años) y el grupo control (n = 12) no lo practicó (GC = 49,58 ± 4,94 años). Para el programa de análisis estadístico se utilizó BioEstat 5.0. Después de la verificación de normalidad mediante la prueba de Shapiro Wilk, se utilizó la prueba de la t para muestras dependientes que analizó por separado el grupo control y el grupo experimental después del entrenamiento. En ambos casos se tuvo en cuenta que p < 0,05. Los resultados de este estudio mostraron que en el GE, en comparación con el GC, hubo mejoras en las áreas de: vitalidad (p = 0,01), función social (p = 0,02) y las limitaciones por aspectos emocionales (p = 0,03). Llegamos a la conclusión de que el ejercicio físico durante el tratamiento contra el cáncer ayuda a mejorar psicológica, social y físicamente, pero es importante tener en cuenta qué prácticas se pueden desarrollar y en qué momento del tratamiento éstas pueden llevarse a cabo.

Corrida em ambiente quente altera o perfil leucocitário de sujeitos treinados saudáveis / Race in a hot environment changes the leukocyte profile in healthy trained subjects

OBJETIVOS: Analisar os efeitos de uma corrida de 15 km ao ar livre em ambiente de alta temperatura na modulação da leucocitose em homens saudáveis treinados em corrida. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi composta por 14 homens que participavam de um grupo de corrida recreativo. Foram incluídos voluntários que declarassem ser capazes de percorrer a distância mínima de 15 km, não estivessem tomando nenhum medicamento imunossupressor e não tivessem nenhuma doença infecciosa. Os critérios de exclusão foram hipertensão arterial em repouso antes da corrida, histórico de doenças osteomioarticulares, metabólicas e/ou cardiovasculares, e não completar o percurso da corrida. Amostras de sangue venoso antes e após a corrida foram coletadas para determinação do hematócrito e contagem de células imunes por imunocitoquímica. RESULTADOS: Observou-se aumento no número de leucócitos totais e neutrófilos no momento pós corrida (9,31±2,4×10³ células/µL e 7,64±3,4×10³ células/µL respectivamente) em comparação ao momento pré corrida (5,52±0.2×10³ células/µL e 2,90±0,6×10³ células/µL respectivamente) (p<0,05). Houve diminuição no número de linfócitos e eosinófilos no momento pós corrida (1,34±0,3×10³ e 0,36±0,2×10³ células/µL respectivamente) comparado ao pré corrida (1,67±0,3×10³ e 0,22±0,1×10³ células/µL respectivamente) (p<0,05). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas no número de monócitos e basófilos no momento pós corrida (0,45±0,1×10³ e 0,9±0,3×10³ células/µL respectivamente) comparado ao pré corrida (0,40±0,08×10³ e 0,8±0,3×10³ células/µL respectivamente) (p>0,05). CONCLUSÕES: A corrida de 15 km ao ar livre, em ambiente de alta temperatura, induziu a uma cinética leucocitária típica, com leucocitose às custas do aumento no número de neutrófilos, assim como queda no número de linfócitos e eosinófilos, em homens saudáveis com prévio treinamento em corrida. Estes resultados ajudam a compreender melhor a leucocitose induzida pelo exercício e podem indicar a intensidade do estresse promovido pelo exercício em condições ambientais extremas.

AIMS: To assess the effects of an outdoor race of 15 km in a hot environment on leukocyte kinetics in healthy trained men. METHODS: The sample consisted of 14 men who participated in a recreational race group. Volunteers who said they were able to run a minimum distance of 15 km, were not taking any immunosuppressants, and had no infectious disease were included in the study. The exclusion criteria were the following: hypertension at rest before the race, history of musculoskeletal, metabolic and/or cardiovascular diseases, and failure to finish the race. Venous blood samples were collected before and after the race for determination of hematocrit levels and immune cell count by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: An increase in total leukocyte and neutrophil count was observed after the race (9.31±2.4×10³ cells/µL and 7.64±3.4×10³ cells/µL, respectively) compared to the pre-race period (5.52±0.2×10³ cells/µL and 2.90±0.6×103 cells/µL, respectively), (p<0.05). There was a decrease in lymphocyte and eosinophil count after the race (1.34±0.3×10³ and 0.36±0.2×10³ cells/µL, respectively) compared to the pre-race period (1.67±0.3×10³ and 0.22±0.1×10³ cells/µL, respectively) (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in monocyte and basophil count after the race (0.45±0.1×10³ and 0.9±0.3×10³ cells/µL, respectively) compared to the pre-race period (0.40±0.08×10³ and 0.8±0.3×10³cells/µL, respectively) (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The 15-km outdoor race in a hot environment led to a typical leukocyte kinetics, resulting in leukocytosis owing to the increase in neutrophil count as well as to a decrease in lymphocyte and eosinophil count in healthy trained men. These findings shed some further light upon exercise-induced leukocytosis and may indicate the level of stress produced by exercise under extreme environmental conditions.

Estado de hidratação de atletas em corrida de rua de 15 km sob elevado estresse térmico / Hydration status in athletes on 15 km street race under elevated heat stress / Estado de hidratación de atletas en carrera de calle de 15 km bajo elevado estrés térmico

INTRODUÇÃO: Um adequado estado de hidratação é de suma importância para os participantes de corridas de rua, tanto para um melhor desempenho esportivo, quanto na prevenção dos distúrbios causados pelo calor. OBJETIVO: O estudo visa avaliar o estado de hidratação de indivíduos do sexo masculino em corrida de rua de 15 km. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi composta por 15 indivíduos do sexo masculino (37,67±7,22 anos) praticantes habituais de corrida de rua. O estado de hidratação foi avaliado antes e após a corrida através dos seguintes parâmetros: peso corporal, coloração e gravidade específica da urina (GEU), análise da impedância bioelétrica (BIA), níveis de hemoglobina (Hb) e hematócrito (Ht). Na análise dos dados, foi utilizado o teste t de Student pareado ou o teste de Wilcoxon, aceitando-se como estatisticamente significante p < 0,01. RESULTADOS: Houve diminuição do peso corporal dos indivíduos após a corrida (p<0,0001), assim como elevação dos níveis de Hb e Ht. Apesar da diminuição observada na GEU após o exercício, não houve melhora significativa do padrão de coloração da urina ou diferença entre o conteúdo inicial e final de água corporal total. A temperatura ambiente (TA) e umidade relativa do ar (URA) foram de 38,75±1,79°C e 37,37±4,66%, respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: O exercício no ambiente em questão conduziu os indivíduos a um estado de desidratação, apenas detectado pela análise da variação do peso corporal e de parâmetros sanguíneos através dos níveis de Hb e Ht. Parâmetros urinários como a coloração da urina e GEU, assim como aqueles obtidos através da BIA, provavelmente foram confundidos por variáveis não controladas pelo presente estudo. .

INTRODUCTION: An adequate hydration status is of utmost importance to participants of street running, both for better sports performance and to preventi disorders caused by heat. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to evaluate the hydration status of males on a 15 km street race. METHODS: The sample consisted of 15 males (37.67 ± 7.22 years old) habitual street runners. The hydration status was evaluated before and after the race by the following parameters: body weight, color and urine specific gravity (USG), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Ht). In data analysis, the paired Student t-test or the Wilcoxon test were used, setting as statistically significant p <0.01. RESULTS: There was a decrease in body weight of the subjects after the race (p <0.0001), as well as an increase in Hb and Ht. Despite the observed decrease in USG after exercise, there was no significant improvement in the standard of urine color or difference between the initial and final contents of total body water. The room temperature (RT) and relative humidity (RH) were 38.75±1.79°C and 37.37±4.66%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The exercise in the environment at issue led the individuals to a state of dehydration, only detected by the analysis of variation in body weight and blood parameters such as Hb and Ht. Urinary parameters such as urine color and USG, as well as those obtained by BIA, were probably confused by variables that were not controlled by the present study. .

INTRODUCCIÓN: Un adecuado estado de hidratación es de suma importancia para los participantes de las carreras de calle, tanto para un mejor desempeño deportivo, como en la prevención de los disturbios causados por el calor. OBJETIVO: El estudio pretende evaluar el estado de hidratación de individuos del sexo masculino en carrera de calle de 15 km. MÉTODOS: La muestra fue compuesta por 15 individuos masculinos (37,67 ± 7,22 años) practicantes habituales de carreras de calle. El estado de hidratación fue evaluado antes y después de la carrera a través de los siguientes parámetros: peso corporal, coloración y gravedad específica de la orina (GEO), análisis de la impedancia bioeléctrica (BIA), niveles de hemoglobina (Hb) y hematocrito (Ht). En el análisis de los datos, fue utilizado el test t de Student emparejado o el test de Wilcoxon, aceptándose como estadísticamente significativo p <0,01. RESULTADOS: Hubo disminución del peso corporal de los individuos después de la carrera (p <0,0001), así como aumento de los niveles de Hb y Ht. A pesar de la disminución observada en la GEO después del ejercicio, no hubo una mejora significativa del patrón de coloración de la orina o diferencia entre el contenido inicial y final de agua corporal total. La temperatura ambiente (TA) y la humedad relativa del aire (HRA) fueron de 38,75 ± 1,79 y 37,37°C ± 4,66%, respectivamente. CONCLUSIÓN: El ejercicio en el ambiente en cuestión llevó a los individuos a un estado de deshidratación, solamente detectado mediante el análisis de la variación del peso corporal y de parámetros sanguíneos como los niveles de Hb y Ht. Parámetros urinarios como coloración de la orina y GEO, así como aquellos obtenidos mediante BIA, probablemente fueron confundidos por variables no controladas en este estudio. .

Desidratação e balanço hídrico em meia maratona / Dehydration and water balance in half marathon / Deshidratación y el balance hídrico em media maratón

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o nível de desidratação a partir do balanço hídrico e da Densidade da Urina (Du) em corredores de meia maratona. Participaram do estudo 18 indivíduos do sexo masculino. A ingesta hídrica foi "ad libitum" e realizou-se análise da Du no início e ao final da corrida, bem como medidas de pesagem e estatura. As condições ambientais (33,30 ± 5,30 ºC e 57,50 ± 13,60% de URA) foram registradas por meio de termo-higrômetro digital. Os indivíduos terminaram e começaram a prova desidratados, havendo uma diferença significativa no peso corporal (4,11%). Conclui-se que a ingesta hídrica "ad libitum" não foi suficiente para a manutenção do balanço hídrico.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of dehydration from the hydric balance and density of urine (Du) in half marathon runners. The study included 18 male subjects. The fluid intake was "ad libitum" and was held in Du analysis at the beginning and at the end of the race, as well as measurements of weight and height. Environmental conditions (33,30 ± 5,30 ºC and 57,50 ± 13,60% of URA) were recorded by digital hygrometer. The subjects began and finished the study dehydrated, and showed a significant difference in body weight (4,11%). We conclude that the fluid intake "ad libitum" was not sufficient to maintain hydric balance.

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el nivel de deshidratación por el balance hídrico y la densidad de la orina (Du) en corredores de media maratón. El incluyó 18 sujetos masculinos. La ingesta de líquidos fue "ad libitum" y se realizó análisis de Du al antes y al después de la carrera, así como mediciones de peso y altura. Las condiciones ambientales (33,30 ± 5,30°C y 57,50 ± 13,60% de HR) fueron registradas por termohigrómetro digital. Los individuos comenzaron y terminaron la carrera deshidratados, con una diferencia significativa en el peso corporal (4,11%). Se concluye que la ingesta de líquidos "ad libitum" no era suficiente para mantener el equilibrio hídrico.